James 5:16, "Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous man is powerful and effective."
Romans 10:9, "That if you confess your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved."
I went to college with a couple Catholic friends of mine. We used to rant about the whole issue of Penitence and the necessity of it as a means of Grace within the Catholic tradition. My friends and I used to argue that we didn't need nobody to know that we had done anything wrong, let alone the priest or pastor, since we had the full access of Jesus Christ and as Christians we were entitled to forgiveness. As a young Wesleyan, I believed that God was loving so much that I was not going to get in trouble for doing simple wrongdoings. Of course, I was not necessarily ignorant about sin and what sin is and what it isn't. I was very much aware of its roots and causes and often cited the fact that sin was sin before God. I also did understand that sometimes the degree of the consequences can be a little bit higher in once case of a sinful act compared to another. But that is another topic altogether and I will try to talk more about it later on.
Was/Is there a necessity of Penitence? Does it amount to Confession? In this case I use Confession to mean acknowledgment or disclosure of sin or sinfulness, esp. to a priest to obtain absolution (dictionary.com). When one stands before a priest and confesses one's sins and the priest says "your sins are forgiven," does that stand? And it does, then for how long? Or does it wait somewhere before finally being acknowledged by Jesus? If one's sins are forgiven, then what is the need for penance? If it is true that God forgives our sins and forgets them as East is from the West (Psalm 103:12), then why do we have to make up for them with some kind of punishment? I do understand the fact that there are consequences to sin, some heavier than others. I don't know the answers to these questions at the moment. Nevertheless, I would like to look generally into the true meaning of Confession and by confession I mean εξομολόγηση. Does it amount to a means of Grace? Is it an act that we should constantly participate in or do we hold the general protestant idea that once one's sins are forgiven, then that is it? Lets see!
Matthew 18:15-20, and John 20:19-23 are very critical here. A prayerful life must embrace confession. Firstly, we have to remember Jesus' regular confessional prayers to the Father. He was not necessarily repenting of anything but he was acknowledging the fact that his Father was in charge of everything. He was also submitting Himself to Him. Jesus didn't take advantage of his closeness to the Father but he reduced himself to servant hood in order to serve Him just as He sent Him here on earth.
Back to Confession. Matthew 18:15, "If your brother sins against you, go and show him his fault..." Now that is quite a step forward. I have to admit that sometimes I carry the resentment within instead of just being open and telling someone they wronged. We tend to be careful not to hurt people. One thing I have observed in my current seminary experience is that people are too nice to each other. My fellow students are too nice that they are literally afraid to say anything they feel can hurt somebody. If we are honest enough we should point out the wrongs in order to correct them. I think we should everybody else around as if they were our own children and at the same time they are our parents.
Jesus command to his disciples when he appeared to them after his resurrection was that if they forgave anyone their sins, those sins would be forgiven and vice versa. Now am not going to go deeper into the etymological issues involved here. I am going to take Jesus for his word. In order for them to have done this, the person who was to be forgiven had to have confessed of and repented of their sins before any action was taken. Jesus was even accused of forgiving sins. He cared deeply enough to see how guilt as a result of sin could hamper someone's relationship with God.
Why is confession of sin between brothers and sisters in Christ critical? It opens up a channel of accountability. It also encourages others who might have felt that their sins are too big to talk about. It gives the weaker brothers and sisters courage to openly share their struggles and seek help from those who have overcome such. A strong sense of security must however be built before this is able to happen. In the Holy Club, the members were free with each other. They knew each other well and understood the circumstantial backgrounds from which each of them had come from. They were aware of each other's failings and were willing to address them. They knew the importance of building a strong relationship in order to bridge any possible gaps that could emerge between them. It reminds of the disciples of Jesus who were often amazed at how much trust Jesus gave them. Sometimes they could not believe that Jesus was so free with them to tell them his secrets. For three years, they struggled to even understand who Jesus was. If they were open enough they could have been able to learn much about him and cast away their doubts forever.
I conclude that confession is a means of grace. It should be a lifestyle. In a fallen world sinfully stained by sin, we are bound to say things we ought not to say or do things we ought not to do. We have also seen people do things which we think they could not have done had they been free with us to tell us what they were going through. Many of such cases have always ended up being fatal. Sometimes the guilt of not sharing our lives with others can overwhelm us. We just have to build those relationships and ensure that we continue to confess our sins one to another and acknowledge that Jesus is Lord over our lives. As a Wesleyan, I think confession is part and parcel of the means of grace.
Monday, February 11, 2008
Thursday, January 24, 2008
Extract from A' Kempis Book 1 ch, 5
Reading the Holy Scripture
TRUTH, not eloquence, is to be sought in reading the Holy Scriptures; and every part must be read in the spirit in which it was written. For in the Scriptures we ought to seek profit rather than polished diction.
Likewise we ought to read simple and devout books as willingly as learned and profound ones. We ought not to be swayed by the authority of the writer, whether he be a great literary light or an insignificant person, but by the love of simple truth. We ought not to ask who is speaking, but mark what is said. Men pass away, but the truth of the Lord remains forever. God speaks to us in many ways without regard for persons.
Our curiosity often impedes our reading of the Scriptures, when we wish to understand and mull over what we ought simply to read and pass by. If you would profit from it, therefore, read with humility, simplicity, and faith, and never seek a reputation for being learned. Seek willingly and listen attentively to the words of the saints; do not be displeased with the sayings of the ancients, for they were not made without purpose.
TRUTH, not eloquence, is to be sought in reading the Holy Scriptures; and every part must be read in the spirit in which it was written. For in the Scriptures we ought to seek profit rather than polished diction.
Likewise we ought to read simple and devout books as willingly as learned and profound ones. We ought not to be swayed by the authority of the writer, whether he be a great literary light or an insignificant person, but by the love of simple truth. We ought not to ask who is speaking, but mark what is said. Men pass away, but the truth of the Lord remains forever. God speaks to us in many ways without regard for persons.
Our curiosity often impedes our reading of the Scriptures, when we wish to understand and mull over what we ought simply to read and pass by. If you would profit from it, therefore, read with humility, simplicity, and faith, and never seek a reputation for being learned. Seek willingly and listen attentively to the words of the saints; do not be displeased with the sayings of the ancients, for they were not made without purpose.
Wednesday, January 9, 2008
New Year, New Hope, More Trust in God.......
Isaiah 43:18-19 "Forget the former things; do not dwell on the past. See, I am doing a new thing! Now it springs up; do you not perceive it? I am making a way in the desert and streams in the wasteland.
Restoration
It is a new year, a new beginning, a new time to remind ourselves of the goodness of the Lord. It is a time to reminisce the wonderful things God has done in our lives and to continue glorifying Him above all else in our lives. It is that time that we forget the former things and begin to dwell on the new chapter that is being written by the Lord. The Lord reminds us to forget about the former things and to avoid dwelling on the past, but instead, focus on the future, the new things that He is doing in us. The Lord is doing things in our lives that even us will not understand. But what are we called to do? How are we to respond to God's call to do new things in our lives? How are we to react to the amazing things that God is doing?
These questions bring to mind David's prayer of restoration in Psalm 51. In verse 12, King David, acknowledges that he has sinned before the Lord and prays that the Lord restores the joy of his salvation. It is amazing how the past can dictate our future and lead us to self-condemnation, something that Christ has taken away already. It is also amazing how the decisions we make based on past events can eventually lead to a miserable life. I have always advised myself to avoid making decisions based on past events. The good thing about this is that we can be restored and get the joy back so that we can live a wholesome life. In Psalms 23:3, the Lord restores our souls. He knows exactly what we want and leads us there. The more we seek for ourselves the more we become less dependent upon the Lord and hopefully, the more we should realize that we need to get back to the Lord. Last week I defined Holiness, as the total dependence upon God. It is the realization that I cannot do it on my own, and so I can turn it over to Christ. It is like a battle with sin in our lives. Without total surrender to God and the acknowledgment that we are sinners before, we will continue living miserably. Only God can lead us to restoration. And when we are finally restored, the path to a new beginning becomes inevitable. There is so much joy whenever you have a new beginning and feel that you have been restored. I am reminded of the many people that Jesus forgave of their sins and they walked away relieved and feeling restored. That is how I feel whenever the Lord grants me that peace of mind that enables me to confront life head on without fear.
Renewal and Refreshing
There is so much joy whenever one is renewed and refreshed in the Lord. The Lord assures us in Isaiah 40:31, that if we wait upon Him, our strength will be renewed. This renewal is wholesome and embraces, our body, soul and spirit. This inward renewal not only occur once we are restored, but on a daily basis (2 Corinthians 4:16). This renewal also leads to inward transformation (Romans 12:2). In other words, we become more like Christ and less like ourselves. We become new creations (Ephesians 4:24) and continue with the journey of obedience and total dependence upon God. In this renewal, the Lord grants us a new heart and a new spirit (Ezekiel 36:26). These developments enable us to confront new challenges with much confidence knowing that God is on our side. Our trust in the Lord continues to build up and our hope in the Lord acquire new levels of strength. All these happen because the Lord is good. What a joy it is to go into a new year with confidence and victory. What a joy to go into the new year, having been renewed and restored. What a joy to enter into the new year with hope and assurance. I hope that your soul, body and mind is renewed and refreshed and that the joy of your salvation is restored as you enter into this new year. You may have faced all kinds of things in the past year, but it is time forget the past and dwell on the future. You have may faced tragedies, unforgettable events, and uncertainties, but its time to take a new dimension in life. New year, New Hope, More trust in God.
Restoration
It is a new year, a new beginning, a new time to remind ourselves of the goodness of the Lord. It is a time to reminisce the wonderful things God has done in our lives and to continue glorifying Him above all else in our lives. It is that time that we forget the former things and begin to dwell on the new chapter that is being written by the Lord. The Lord reminds us to forget about the former things and to avoid dwelling on the past, but instead, focus on the future, the new things that He is doing in us. The Lord is doing things in our lives that even us will not understand. But what are we called to do? How are we to respond to God's call to do new things in our lives? How are we to react to the amazing things that God is doing?
These questions bring to mind David's prayer of restoration in Psalm 51. In verse 12, King David, acknowledges that he has sinned before the Lord and prays that the Lord restores the joy of his salvation. It is amazing how the past can dictate our future and lead us to self-condemnation, something that Christ has taken away already. It is also amazing how the decisions we make based on past events can eventually lead to a miserable life. I have always advised myself to avoid making decisions based on past events. The good thing about this is that we can be restored and get the joy back so that we can live a wholesome life. In Psalms 23:3, the Lord restores our souls. He knows exactly what we want and leads us there. The more we seek for ourselves the more we become less dependent upon the Lord and hopefully, the more we should realize that we need to get back to the Lord. Last week I defined Holiness, as the total dependence upon God. It is the realization that I cannot do it on my own, and so I can turn it over to Christ. It is like a battle with sin in our lives. Without total surrender to God and the acknowledgment that we are sinners before, we will continue living miserably. Only God can lead us to restoration. And when we are finally restored, the path to a new beginning becomes inevitable. There is so much joy whenever you have a new beginning and feel that you have been restored. I am reminded of the many people that Jesus forgave of their sins and they walked away relieved and feeling restored. That is how I feel whenever the Lord grants me that peace of mind that enables me to confront life head on without fear.
Renewal and Refreshing
There is so much joy whenever one is renewed and refreshed in the Lord. The Lord assures us in Isaiah 40:31, that if we wait upon Him, our strength will be renewed. This renewal is wholesome and embraces, our body, soul and spirit. This inward renewal not only occur once we are restored, but on a daily basis (2 Corinthians 4:16). This renewal also leads to inward transformation (Romans 12:2). In other words, we become more like Christ and less like ourselves. We become new creations (Ephesians 4:24) and continue with the journey of obedience and total dependence upon God. In this renewal, the Lord grants us a new heart and a new spirit (Ezekiel 36:26). These developments enable us to confront new challenges with much confidence knowing that God is on our side. Our trust in the Lord continues to build up and our hope in the Lord acquire new levels of strength. All these happen because the Lord is good. What a joy it is to go into a new year with confidence and victory. What a joy to go into the new year, having been renewed and restored. What a joy to enter into the new year with hope and assurance. I hope that your soul, body and mind is renewed and refreshed and that the joy of your salvation is restored as you enter into this new year. You may have faced all kinds of things in the past year, but it is time forget the past and dwell on the future. You have may faced tragedies, unforgettable events, and uncertainties, but its time to take a new dimension in life. New year, New Hope, More trust in God.
Saturday, December 29, 2007
Extract from Book 1 Ch. 4: Prudence in Action
DO NOT yield to every impulse and suggestion but consider things carefully and patiently in the light of God's will. For very often, sad to say, we are so weak that we believe and speak evil of others rather than good. Perfect men, however, do not readily believe every talebearer, because they know that human frailty is prone to evil and is likely to appear in speech.
Not to act rashly or to cling obstinately to one's opinion, not to believe everything people say or to spread abroad the gossip one has heard, is great wisdom.
Take counsel with a wise and conscientious man. Seek the advice of your betters in preference to following your own inclinations.
A good life makes a man wise according to God and gives him experience in many things, for the more humble he is and the more subject to God, the wiser and the more at peace he will be in all things.
Not to act rashly or to cling obstinately to one's opinion, not to believe everything people say or to spread abroad the gossip one has heard, is great wisdom.
Take counsel with a wise and conscientious man. Seek the advice of your betters in preference to following your own inclinations.
A good life makes a man wise according to God and gives him experience in many things, for the more humble he is and the more subject to God, the wiser and the more at peace he will be in all things.
Thursday, December 13, 2007
Extract from Book 1 Ch. 3. The Doctrine of Truth
HAPPY is he to whom truth manifests itself, not in signs and words that fade, but as it actually is. Our opinions, our senses often deceive us and we discern very little.
What good is much discussion of involved and obscure matters when our ignorance of them will not be held against us on Judgment Day? Neglect of things which are profitable and necessary and undue concern with those which are irrelevant and harmful, are great folly.
We have eyes and do not see.
What, therefore, have we to do with questions of philosophy? He to whom the Eternal Word speaks is free from theorizing. For from this Word are all things and of Him all things speak -- the Beginning Who also speaks to us. Without this Word no man understands or judges aright. He to whom it becomes everything, who traces all things to it and who sees all things in it, may ease his heart and remain at peace with God.
O God, You Who are the truth, make me one with You in love everlasting. I am often wearied by the many things I hear and read, but in You is all that I long for. Let the learned be still, let all creatures be silent before You; You alone speak to me.
The more recollected a man is, and the more simple of heart he becomes, the easier he understands sublime things, for he receives the light of knowledge from above. The pure, simple, and steadfast spirit is not distracted by many labors, for he does them all for the honor of God. And since he enjoys interior peace he seeks no selfish end in anything. What, indeed, gives more trouble and affliction than uncontrolled desires of the heart?
A good and devout man arranges in his mind the things he has to do, not according to the whims of evil inclination but according to the dictates of right reason. Who is forced to struggle more than he who tries to master himself? This ought to be our purpose, then: to conquer self, to become stronger each day, to advance in virtue.
Every perfection in this life has some imperfection mixed with it and no learning of ours is without some darkness. Humble knowledge of self is a surer path to God than the ardent pursuit of learning. Not that learning is to be considered evil, or knowledge, which is good in itself and so ordained by God; but a clean conscience and virtuous life ought always to be preferred. Many often err and accomplish little or nothing because they try to become learned rather than to live well.
If men used as much care in uprooting vices and implanting virtues as they do in discussing problems, there would not be so much evil and scandal in the world, or such laxity in religious organizations. On the day of judgment, surely, we shall not be asked what we have read but what we have done; not how well we have spoken but how well we have lived.
Tell me, where now are all the masters and teachers whom you knew so well in life and who were famous for their learning? Others have already taken their places and I know not whether they ever think of their predecessors. During life they seemed to be something; now they are seldom remembered. How quickly the glory of the world passes away! If only their lives had kept pace with their learning, then their study and reading would have been worth while.
How many there are who perish because of vain worldly knowledge and too little care for serving God. They became vain in their own conceits because they chose to be great rather than humble.
He is truly great who has great charity. He is truly great who is little in his own eyes and makes nothing of the highest honor. He is truly wise who looks upon all earthly things as folly that he may gain Christ. He who does God's will and renounces his own is truly very learned.
What good is much discussion of involved and obscure matters when our ignorance of them will not be held against us on Judgment Day? Neglect of things which are profitable and necessary and undue concern with those which are irrelevant and harmful, are great folly.
We have eyes and do not see.
What, therefore, have we to do with questions of philosophy? He to whom the Eternal Word speaks is free from theorizing. For from this Word are all things and of Him all things speak -- the Beginning Who also speaks to us. Without this Word no man understands or judges aright. He to whom it becomes everything, who traces all things to it and who sees all things in it, may ease his heart and remain at peace with God.
O God, You Who are the truth, make me one with You in love everlasting. I am often wearied by the many things I hear and read, but in You is all that I long for. Let the learned be still, let all creatures be silent before You; You alone speak to me.
The more recollected a man is, and the more simple of heart he becomes, the easier he understands sublime things, for he receives the light of knowledge from above. The pure, simple, and steadfast spirit is not distracted by many labors, for he does them all for the honor of God. And since he enjoys interior peace he seeks no selfish end in anything. What, indeed, gives more trouble and affliction than uncontrolled desires of the heart?
A good and devout man arranges in his mind the things he has to do, not according to the whims of evil inclination but according to the dictates of right reason. Who is forced to struggle more than he who tries to master himself? This ought to be our purpose, then: to conquer self, to become stronger each day, to advance in virtue.
Every perfection in this life has some imperfection mixed with it and no learning of ours is without some darkness. Humble knowledge of self is a surer path to God than the ardent pursuit of learning. Not that learning is to be considered evil, or knowledge, which is good in itself and so ordained by God; but a clean conscience and virtuous life ought always to be preferred. Many often err and accomplish little or nothing because they try to become learned rather than to live well.
If men used as much care in uprooting vices and implanting virtues as they do in discussing problems, there would not be so much evil and scandal in the world, or such laxity in religious organizations. On the day of judgment, surely, we shall not be asked what we have read but what we have done; not how well we have spoken but how well we have lived.
Tell me, where now are all the masters and teachers whom you knew so well in life and who were famous for their learning? Others have already taken their places and I know not whether they ever think of their predecessors. During life they seemed to be something; now they are seldom remembered. How quickly the glory of the world passes away! If only their lives had kept pace with their learning, then their study and reading would have been worth while.
How many there are who perish because of vain worldly knowledge and too little care for serving God. They became vain in their own conceits because they chose to be great rather than humble.
He is truly great who has great charity. He is truly great who is little in his own eyes and makes nothing of the highest honor. He is truly wise who looks upon all earthly things as folly that he may gain Christ. He who does God's will and renounces his own is truly very learned.
Monday, December 10, 2007
Extract from A Kempis' The Imitation of Christ; (Having a Humble Opinion of Self)
Having a Humble Opinion of Self EVERY man naturally desires knowledge; but what good is knowledge without fear of God? Indeed a humble rustic who serves God is better than a proud intellectual who neglects his soul to study the course of the stars. He who knows himself well becomes mean in his own eyes and is not happy when praised by men.
If I knew all things in the world and had not charity, what would it profit me before God Who will judge me by my deeds? Shun too great a desire for knowledge, for in it there is much fretting and delusion. Intellectuals like to appear learned and to be called wise. Yet there are many things the knowledge of which does little or no good to the soul, and he who concerns himself about other things than those which lead to salvation is very unwise.
Many words do not satisfy the soul; but a good life eases the mind and a clean conscience inspires great trust in God. The more you know and the better you understand, the more severely will you be judged, unless your life is also the more holy. Do not be proud, therefore, because of your learning or skill. Rather, fear because of the talent given you. If you think you know many things and understand them well enough, realize at the same time that there is much you do not know. Hence, do not affect wisdom, but admit your ignorance. Why prefer yourself to anyone else when many are more learned, more cultured than you?
If you wish to learn and appreciate something worth while, then love to be unknown and considered as nothing. Truly to know and despise self is the best and most perfect counsel. To think of oneself as nothing, and always to think well and highly of others is the best and most perfect wisdom. Wherefore, if you see another sin openly or commit a serious crime, do not consider yourself better, for you do not know how long you can remain in good estate. All men are frail, but you must admit that none is more frail than yourself.
If I knew all things in the world and had not charity, what would it profit me before God Who will judge me by my deeds? Shun too great a desire for knowledge, for in it there is much fretting and delusion. Intellectuals like to appear learned and to be called wise. Yet there are many things the knowledge of which does little or no good to the soul, and he who concerns himself about other things than those which lead to salvation is very unwise.
Many words do not satisfy the soul; but a good life eases the mind and a clean conscience inspires great trust in God. The more you know and the better you understand, the more severely will you be judged, unless your life is also the more holy. Do not be proud, therefore, because of your learning or skill. Rather, fear because of the talent given you. If you think you know many things and understand them well enough, realize at the same time that there is much you do not know. Hence, do not affect wisdom, but admit your ignorance. Why prefer yourself to anyone else when many are more learned, more cultured than you?
If you wish to learn and appreciate something worth while, then love to be unknown and considered as nothing. Truly to know and despise self is the best and most perfect counsel. To think of oneself as nothing, and always to think well and highly of others is the best and most perfect wisdom. Wherefore, if you see another sin openly or commit a serious crime, do not consider yourself better, for you do not know how long you can remain in good estate. All men are frail, but you must admit that none is more frail than yourself.
Sunday, December 2, 2007
Commentary on Wesley's Sermon 16, Philip Friday
Introduction
The means of grace and its constitution has been a very important tradition of the Holy Catholic, Apostolic Church for ages. There have often been various ideologies that come up whenever the terms means of grace is brought up. More importantly, what it really means and what constitutes it has been the predominant question. Whether Lutheran, Reformed, or Catholic, differences always seem to emerge on what is and what is not a means of grace. John Wesley described what he felt as the means of grace in sermon 16. In this sermon, he outlines the Christian walk step by step in an attempt to define what the means of grace is or are. What makes an ideal relationship with God? Or simply, what does God want of me as His servant? In reflecting on this sermon, we shall see what the means of grace really means.
Sermon 16
Wesley began his sermon by asking the inevitable question of what was really ordained by God as the means of Grace. He acknowledged the fact that without the gospel we could not really understand what the “channels of” God’s “grace” were. Wesley suggested that the apostolic tradition was well inclined in terms of knowing what it was supposed to do as followers of Christ and could have never asked his question. To cement this claim, he cited Acts 2 where the believers devoted themselves to the apostle’s teaching and to the fellowship and to the breaking of bread and prayers. The believers set aside other things which could have distracted them and literally invested their time in building this ideal relationship with God. I recently preached a series that was themed on the history of the church and one of my assumptions was that the contemporary is a laughing stock in the presence of the first Christians. As a matter of fact, am wondering whether they are laughing or crying about/for the modern church. According to Wesley, these admirable early Christian practices set the question of the means of grace “beyond all dispute.” They were always together and had all things common.
All these good practices that defined the ideal Christian stopped when “the love of many waxed cold.” Wesley says that “some began to mistake the means for the end and to place religion rather in doing those outward works, than in a heart renewed after the image of God.” So that in doing these works, one could out rightly claim to be a good Christian and get away with it. The church began to lack in depth. Wesley adds that there was lack of “love” “out of a pure heart.” In the ensuing argument Wesley comments on Mark 12:30-31 saying that in obeying this scripture, one was bound to be “purified from pride, anger, and evil desire, by a faith of the Operation of God.” The question of what was really acceptable before God begun to arise. What would really make someone’s relationship with God complete owing to the fact that God’s justice, mercy and love was available to all? Was it possible for someone who had abused this relationship to have it back just by repentance? Wesley looked at the fact that in observing these means of Grace, one was actually building and looking after their health so that a healthy relationship with God could be maintained in the end. How one was to get to this end was the major question.
According to Wesley, for one to embrace a real change in lifestyle, one had to feel convicted strongly. This conviction had to come from within and it had to be real and not in pretence. There is a choice of participating in God’s ordinances or rejecting them. God can also choose to deprive one of the benefits of the means of grace. This does not necessarily means that one has to work for it but one has to accept the inward transformation. Acceptance itself is a task that must be taken seriously. Wesley cites that the fact trying to find an answer using outward means has proven useless. This only leads to emptiness that continues to yearn for what it cannot attain. The weight of the burden of sin can be so weary and damaging on any believer. Wesley says that such weary people “usually impatient of their present state; and, trying every way to escape from it, they are always ready to catch at any new thing, any new proposal of ease or happiness.” The cost of discipleship is not an easy one. It calls for self-sacrifice, something that is not of this world but only of God in Jesus Christ. Outward means would only result into another rich young ruler being sent away by Jesus to go and sell everything he has and give it to the poor and then come back and follow Jesus.
Means of Grace
Wesley begins this discourse by examining whether there are any means of grace. He says, “By means of grace I understand outward signs, or actions, ordained of God, and appointed for this end, to be the ordinary channels whereby he might convey men, preventing, justifying, or sanctifying grace.” He acknowledges the fact that the expression, means of grace, has been used in the church for a long time, citing the Anglican example which “directs us to bless God both for the means of grace, and hope of glory; and teaches, that a sacrament is an outward sign of inward grace, and a means whereby we receive the same.” He then outlines the chief means of grace which include prayer, searching the Scriptures and receiving the Lord’s Supper. He also acknowledged that these were ordained by God “as the ordinary channels of conveying his grace to the souls of men.”
These means of grace are useless without a total surrender and dependence upon God’s help. Wesley describes this that “consequently, all the means, when separate from the end, are less than nothing and vanity; that if they do not actually conduce to the knowledge and love of God, they are not acceptable in his sight; yea, rather, they are an abomination before him, a stink in his nostrils; he is weary to bear them.” It is sheer wickedness to misuse these means of grace in vain. It is like “turning God’s arms against himself; of keeping Christianity out of the heart by those very means which were ordained for the bringing it in.” Such strong statements by Wesley indicate the further away the church continues to move from God yet being fooled that it is drawing close through works. A clear example is the contemporary Christianity which I earlier said is a laughing stock in front of the early church. Sometimes, I even feel that Western Christianity has completely lost it and needs to find its lost roots real fast. God is Spirit so we must worship Him in Spirit. If we separate ourselves from the Spirit then it just becomes a waste of time in trying to worship God. The problem we have, according to Wesley, is that we want to do Spiritual things on our own. We forget that it is God who instituted those things so that we may be partakers of His nature, so that “it is He alone who, by his own almighty power, worketh in us what is pleasing in his sight; and all outward things, unless He work in them and by them, are mere weak and beggarly elements.” Contemporarily, I can describe such behavior as idolatry. It is like trying to tell God who He really is. It is just not possible. The biggest problem we have is ignoring the Scriptures and the power of God. Most believers who fall in this trap only think about themselves and not what God intends to do with/in their lives. When we pray the Lord’s Prayer, we ask that God’s will be done here on earth as it is heaven. We are simply acknowledging that we are the Lord’s servants and we want to allow Him to do whatever He pleases with us. God is above all and we cannot judge His goodness by mere human works. We have to let God be God and enjoy the free gift of salvation He has given us.
But how do we attain the grace of God? Wesley says that “all who desire the grace of God are to wait for it in the means which he hath ordained; in using, not in laying them aside.” It is important to pray just as the Scriptures say that whoever lacks wisdom should ask and it shall be granted unto them. We don’t have because we don’t ask. We should not blame anybody for our lack because we have failed to ask. Wesley also comments on the Sermon on the Mount when Jesus finishes by saying, “Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened.” Jesus is calling for persistence and the recognition of the fact that we need to ask. We need to know that we don’t know so that we are compelled to ask in order to know. In asking we are using the means of prayer, so that prayer becomes our channel of communication with God. The Bible commands us to pray without ceasing. An example is the persistent widow whose needs were met because she never gave up on asking. In praying, we are acknowledging the fact that God is the provider. Therefore we are turning to Him to provide for us in our times of need. Wesley also acknowledges the way set clearly for us by the apostles so that we don’t just pray but we pray as we have been commanded. Strong believers must be aware of the pardoning grace of God. Our loving God hears our prayers and listens to us attentively and is always ready to answer those prayers. He is not pleased when we don’t asked yet still remain disappointed. Wesley concludes this need for prayer by saying, “We must infer that all who desire the grace of God are to wait for it in the way of prayer.”
The Scriptures, as means of grace, must be part and parcel of daily worship by all believers. Wesley specifically mentions the need to spend time searching the Scriptures. John 5:39 says, “You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me.” Our Lord is commanding us to search the Scriptures in order to know who He is. The Bereans, after hearing Paul, searched the Scriptures daily. This was testified in their increasing faith in God. Faith comes by hearing and hearing through the word of God. Those who are willing to hear must hear what the word of God is saying. Wesley adds that “hearing, reading, and meditating are contained” in the searching of the Scriptures. Knowledge of Scriptures confirms and increases true wisdom in us. This wisdom is granted us faithfully by God. Apostle Paul mentions to Timothy, “And how from infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.” Apostle Paul then adds that, “All Scripture is God breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.” In order to know what we really ought to witness about or say in order to remain in God’s will, we must be equipped with knowledge of Scripture. When we earnestly search the Scriptures we become “perfect, and thoroughly furnished unto all good works.” The good thing about this, according to Wesley, is that it is for everybody, believers and sinners alike. Both are capable of enjoying the presence of God through searching the Scriptures.
The other way of experiencing the increase of the grace of God is “to wait for it in partaking of the Lord’s Supper.” 1 Corinthians 11:23ff clearly stipulates the reasons why we partake of the Lord’s Supper. Wesley says that by partaking of the Lord’s Supper, “Ye openly exhibit the same, by these visible signs, before God, and angels, and men; ye manifest your solemn remembrance of his death, till he cometh in the clouds of heaven.” We are only required to observe a thorough self-examination so that we understand what we are doing in participating in the Lord’s Supper. We have to be comfortable, knowing all well that we are having communion with the Lord. Nevertheless, we cannot ignore the fact that this is a command and so all Christians are called upon to participate. We express our true belief that Christ died for our sins and we can now live victoriously knowing that we have been set free. It should be solemn yet celebratory since the cross is a sign of victory. The Apostle mentions the importance of this in 1 Corinthians 10:16-17; “Is not the cup of thanksgiving for which we give thanks a participation in the body of Christ? Because there is one loaf, we, who are many, are one body, for we all partake of the one loaf.” The unity we enjoy as the body of Christ must not be taken for granted.
Wesley then embarks on the misuse of these means. He says that men who have continued to trust their own judgment have ended up forgetting the real meaning of the Scriptures and have allowed themselves to corrupt in the process. We are not supposed to trust in these means, we are supposed to trust in God. “If I am troubled when I willfully disobey God, it is plain his Spirit is still striving with me; but if I am not troubled at willful sin, it is plain I am given up to a reprobate mind.” Another problem that Wesley addresses is the “seeking salvation by works.” Observance of the rituals does not grant us a free ticket to heaven. We cannot base our salvation on our own merits. It is not our faithfulness that has kept us in God’s will but it is Christ faithfulness on the cross. God has appointed the way of salvation. We are therefore not to sit there and wait but to seek that way of salvation which He has appointed. Others have also abused these means of grace by saying that if we are Christians, and dead in with Christ, then we don’t have to follow them. By doing so, we end up telling God that we are capable of being on our own and do not need His guidance any more. God’s commands must be taken for granted.
Analysis
Wesley’s sermon is absolutely practicable. The intention of these means of grace is to draw believers closer to God and to win sinners to the Lord. Wesley says that “God himself is generally pleased to use these means in bringing a sinner to salvation.” It only takes a conversation, an awakening sermon, or just providence to draw a sinner to God. The agents that God has put in place are those that who have been saved and are partakers in these means of grace. It only takes a simple step after conviction and not a thousand outward attempts to please God. Wesley adds, “Having now a desire to from the wrath to come, he purposely goes to hear how it may be done. If he finds a preacher who speaks to the heart, he is amazed, and begins searching the Scriptures, whether these things are so? The more he hears and reads, the more convinced he is; and the more he meditates thereon day and night.” This is the only way that a disciplined routine can be adopted and willfully practiced. “And thus he continues in God’s way, in hearing, reading, meditating, praying, and partaking of the Lord’s Supper, till God, in the manner that pleases Him speaks to his heart, “Thy faith hath saved thee. Go in peace.” It is however upon us that have been saved to ensure that the newly saved is aware of the wonders that God is doing and is about to do in their lives. Wesley is very practical and clear. The advice that we give to a sinner plays a very crucial role in determining what they receive and what they reject. We have to use every means ordained by God in order to serve others and bring them to the knowledge of Christ.
Conclusion
These means of grace must be used as commanded by God. “God is above all means.” We cannot attempt to limit God to what suits us only. God does what He does whenever He pleases. We have to remember that we are just mere servants. Unfortunately we don’t behave so. “He can convey his grace, either in or out of any of the means which he hath appointed.” God is not hindered by our hindrances. He is always ready and willing to save. We don’t have any merits just because we use these means. We must deeply be convicted about using them otherwise we may be playing God. We cannot also separate these means from God. The moment we do that we blown away like uselessness. Wesley adds, “Settle this in your heart, that the opus operatum, the mere work done, profiteth nothing; that there is no power to save, but in the Spirit of God, no merit, but in the blood of Christ; that consequently, even what God ordains, conveys no grace to the soul, if you trust not in Him alone.” We must also be wary of self praise after using these means. We must “let God in all things be glorified through Christ Jesus.”
The means of grace and its constitution has been a very important tradition of the Holy Catholic, Apostolic Church for ages. There have often been various ideologies that come up whenever the terms means of grace is brought up. More importantly, what it really means and what constitutes it has been the predominant question. Whether Lutheran, Reformed, or Catholic, differences always seem to emerge on what is and what is not a means of grace. John Wesley described what he felt as the means of grace in sermon 16. In this sermon, he outlines the Christian walk step by step in an attempt to define what the means of grace is or are. What makes an ideal relationship with God? Or simply, what does God want of me as His servant? In reflecting on this sermon, we shall see what the means of grace really means.
Sermon 16
Wesley began his sermon by asking the inevitable question of what was really ordained by God as the means of Grace. He acknowledged the fact that without the gospel we could not really understand what the “channels of” God’s “grace” were. Wesley suggested that the apostolic tradition was well inclined in terms of knowing what it was supposed to do as followers of Christ and could have never asked his question. To cement this claim, he cited Acts 2 where the believers devoted themselves to the apostle’s teaching and to the fellowship and to the breaking of bread and prayers. The believers set aside other things which could have distracted them and literally invested their time in building this ideal relationship with God. I recently preached a series that was themed on the history of the church and one of my assumptions was that the contemporary is a laughing stock in the presence of the first Christians. As a matter of fact, am wondering whether they are laughing or crying about/for the modern church. According to Wesley, these admirable early Christian practices set the question of the means of grace “beyond all dispute.” They were always together and had all things common.
All these good practices that defined the ideal Christian stopped when “the love of many waxed cold.” Wesley says that “some began to mistake the means for the end and to place religion rather in doing those outward works, than in a heart renewed after the image of God.” So that in doing these works, one could out rightly claim to be a good Christian and get away with it. The church began to lack in depth. Wesley adds that there was lack of “love” “out of a pure heart.” In the ensuing argument Wesley comments on Mark 12:30-31 saying that in obeying this scripture, one was bound to be “purified from pride, anger, and evil desire, by a faith of the Operation of God.” The question of what was really acceptable before God begun to arise. What would really make someone’s relationship with God complete owing to the fact that God’s justice, mercy and love was available to all? Was it possible for someone who had abused this relationship to have it back just by repentance? Wesley looked at the fact that in observing these means of Grace, one was actually building and looking after their health so that a healthy relationship with God could be maintained in the end. How one was to get to this end was the major question.
According to Wesley, for one to embrace a real change in lifestyle, one had to feel convicted strongly. This conviction had to come from within and it had to be real and not in pretence. There is a choice of participating in God’s ordinances or rejecting them. God can also choose to deprive one of the benefits of the means of grace. This does not necessarily means that one has to work for it but one has to accept the inward transformation. Acceptance itself is a task that must be taken seriously. Wesley cites that the fact trying to find an answer using outward means has proven useless. This only leads to emptiness that continues to yearn for what it cannot attain. The weight of the burden of sin can be so weary and damaging on any believer. Wesley says that such weary people “usually impatient of their present state; and, trying every way to escape from it, they are always ready to catch at any new thing, any new proposal of ease or happiness.” The cost of discipleship is not an easy one. It calls for self-sacrifice, something that is not of this world but only of God in Jesus Christ. Outward means would only result into another rich young ruler being sent away by Jesus to go and sell everything he has and give it to the poor and then come back and follow Jesus.
Means of Grace
Wesley begins this discourse by examining whether there are any means of grace. He says, “By means of grace I understand outward signs, or actions, ordained of God, and appointed for this end, to be the ordinary channels whereby he might convey men, preventing, justifying, or sanctifying grace.” He acknowledges the fact that the expression, means of grace, has been used in the church for a long time, citing the Anglican example which “directs us to bless God both for the means of grace, and hope of glory; and teaches, that a sacrament is an outward sign of inward grace, and a means whereby we receive the same.” He then outlines the chief means of grace which include prayer, searching the Scriptures and receiving the Lord’s Supper. He also acknowledged that these were ordained by God “as the ordinary channels of conveying his grace to the souls of men.”
These means of grace are useless without a total surrender and dependence upon God’s help. Wesley describes this that “consequently, all the means, when separate from the end, are less than nothing and vanity; that if they do not actually conduce to the knowledge and love of God, they are not acceptable in his sight; yea, rather, they are an abomination before him, a stink in his nostrils; he is weary to bear them.” It is sheer wickedness to misuse these means of grace in vain. It is like “turning God’s arms against himself; of keeping Christianity out of the heart by those very means which were ordained for the bringing it in.” Such strong statements by Wesley indicate the further away the church continues to move from God yet being fooled that it is drawing close through works. A clear example is the contemporary Christianity which I earlier said is a laughing stock in front of the early church. Sometimes, I even feel that Western Christianity has completely lost it and needs to find its lost roots real fast. God is Spirit so we must worship Him in Spirit. If we separate ourselves from the Spirit then it just becomes a waste of time in trying to worship God. The problem we have, according to Wesley, is that we want to do Spiritual things on our own. We forget that it is God who instituted those things so that we may be partakers of His nature, so that “it is He alone who, by his own almighty power, worketh in us what is pleasing in his sight; and all outward things, unless He work in them and by them, are mere weak and beggarly elements.” Contemporarily, I can describe such behavior as idolatry. It is like trying to tell God who He really is. It is just not possible. The biggest problem we have is ignoring the Scriptures and the power of God. Most believers who fall in this trap only think about themselves and not what God intends to do with/in their lives. When we pray the Lord’s Prayer, we ask that God’s will be done here on earth as it is heaven. We are simply acknowledging that we are the Lord’s servants and we want to allow Him to do whatever He pleases with us. God is above all and we cannot judge His goodness by mere human works. We have to let God be God and enjoy the free gift of salvation He has given us.
But how do we attain the grace of God? Wesley says that “all who desire the grace of God are to wait for it in the means which he hath ordained; in using, not in laying them aside.” It is important to pray just as the Scriptures say that whoever lacks wisdom should ask and it shall be granted unto them. We don’t have because we don’t ask. We should not blame anybody for our lack because we have failed to ask. Wesley also comments on the Sermon on the Mount when Jesus finishes by saying, “Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives; he who seeks finds; and to him who knocks, the door will be opened.” Jesus is calling for persistence and the recognition of the fact that we need to ask. We need to know that we don’t know so that we are compelled to ask in order to know. In asking we are using the means of prayer, so that prayer becomes our channel of communication with God. The Bible commands us to pray without ceasing. An example is the persistent widow whose needs were met because she never gave up on asking. In praying, we are acknowledging the fact that God is the provider. Therefore we are turning to Him to provide for us in our times of need. Wesley also acknowledges the way set clearly for us by the apostles so that we don’t just pray but we pray as we have been commanded. Strong believers must be aware of the pardoning grace of God. Our loving God hears our prayers and listens to us attentively and is always ready to answer those prayers. He is not pleased when we don’t asked yet still remain disappointed. Wesley concludes this need for prayer by saying, “We must infer that all who desire the grace of God are to wait for it in the way of prayer.”
The Scriptures, as means of grace, must be part and parcel of daily worship by all believers. Wesley specifically mentions the need to spend time searching the Scriptures. John 5:39 says, “You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me.” Our Lord is commanding us to search the Scriptures in order to know who He is. The Bereans, after hearing Paul, searched the Scriptures daily. This was testified in their increasing faith in God. Faith comes by hearing and hearing through the word of God. Those who are willing to hear must hear what the word of God is saying. Wesley adds that “hearing, reading, and meditating are contained” in the searching of the Scriptures. Knowledge of Scriptures confirms and increases true wisdom in us. This wisdom is granted us faithfully by God. Apostle Paul mentions to Timothy, “And how from infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.” Apostle Paul then adds that, “All Scripture is God breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.” In order to know what we really ought to witness about or say in order to remain in God’s will, we must be equipped with knowledge of Scripture. When we earnestly search the Scriptures we become “perfect, and thoroughly furnished unto all good works.” The good thing about this, according to Wesley, is that it is for everybody, believers and sinners alike. Both are capable of enjoying the presence of God through searching the Scriptures.
The other way of experiencing the increase of the grace of God is “to wait for it in partaking of the Lord’s Supper.” 1 Corinthians 11:23ff clearly stipulates the reasons why we partake of the Lord’s Supper. Wesley says that by partaking of the Lord’s Supper, “Ye openly exhibit the same, by these visible signs, before God, and angels, and men; ye manifest your solemn remembrance of his death, till he cometh in the clouds of heaven.” We are only required to observe a thorough self-examination so that we understand what we are doing in participating in the Lord’s Supper. We have to be comfortable, knowing all well that we are having communion with the Lord. Nevertheless, we cannot ignore the fact that this is a command and so all Christians are called upon to participate. We express our true belief that Christ died for our sins and we can now live victoriously knowing that we have been set free. It should be solemn yet celebratory since the cross is a sign of victory. The Apostle mentions the importance of this in 1 Corinthians 10:16-17; “Is not the cup of thanksgiving for which we give thanks a participation in the body of Christ? Because there is one loaf, we, who are many, are one body, for we all partake of the one loaf.” The unity we enjoy as the body of Christ must not be taken for granted.
Wesley then embarks on the misuse of these means. He says that men who have continued to trust their own judgment have ended up forgetting the real meaning of the Scriptures and have allowed themselves to corrupt in the process. We are not supposed to trust in these means, we are supposed to trust in God. “If I am troubled when I willfully disobey God, it is plain his Spirit is still striving with me; but if I am not troubled at willful sin, it is plain I am given up to a reprobate mind.” Another problem that Wesley addresses is the “seeking salvation by works.” Observance of the rituals does not grant us a free ticket to heaven. We cannot base our salvation on our own merits. It is not our faithfulness that has kept us in God’s will but it is Christ faithfulness on the cross. God has appointed the way of salvation. We are therefore not to sit there and wait but to seek that way of salvation which He has appointed. Others have also abused these means of grace by saying that if we are Christians, and dead in with Christ, then we don’t have to follow them. By doing so, we end up telling God that we are capable of being on our own and do not need His guidance any more. God’s commands must be taken for granted.
Analysis
Wesley’s sermon is absolutely practicable. The intention of these means of grace is to draw believers closer to God and to win sinners to the Lord. Wesley says that “God himself is generally pleased to use these means in bringing a sinner to salvation.” It only takes a conversation, an awakening sermon, or just providence to draw a sinner to God. The agents that God has put in place are those that who have been saved and are partakers in these means of grace. It only takes a simple step after conviction and not a thousand outward attempts to please God. Wesley adds, “Having now a desire to from the wrath to come, he purposely goes to hear how it may be done. If he finds a preacher who speaks to the heart, he is amazed, and begins searching the Scriptures, whether these things are so? The more he hears and reads, the more convinced he is; and the more he meditates thereon day and night.” This is the only way that a disciplined routine can be adopted and willfully practiced. “And thus he continues in God’s way, in hearing, reading, meditating, praying, and partaking of the Lord’s Supper, till God, in the manner that pleases Him speaks to his heart, “Thy faith hath saved thee. Go in peace.” It is however upon us that have been saved to ensure that the newly saved is aware of the wonders that God is doing and is about to do in their lives. Wesley is very practical and clear. The advice that we give to a sinner plays a very crucial role in determining what they receive and what they reject. We have to use every means ordained by God in order to serve others and bring them to the knowledge of Christ.
Conclusion
These means of grace must be used as commanded by God. “God is above all means.” We cannot attempt to limit God to what suits us only. God does what He does whenever He pleases. We have to remember that we are just mere servants. Unfortunately we don’t behave so. “He can convey his grace, either in or out of any of the means which he hath appointed.” God is not hindered by our hindrances. He is always ready and willing to save. We don’t have any merits just because we use these means. We must deeply be convicted about using them otherwise we may be playing God. We cannot also separate these means from God. The moment we do that we blown away like uselessness. Wesley adds, “Settle this in your heart, that the opus operatum, the mere work done, profiteth nothing; that there is no power to save, but in the Spirit of God, no merit, but in the blood of Christ; that consequently, even what God ordains, conveys no grace to the soul, if you trust not in Him alone.” We must also be wary of self praise after using these means. We must “let God in all things be glorified through Christ Jesus.”
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